协议摘要中英文对照On January 15, 2020, the United States andChina signed an historic and enforceable agreement on a Phase One trade dealthat requires structural reforms and other changes to China’s economic andtrade regime in the areas of intellectual property, technology transfer,agriculture, financial services, and currency and foreign exchange. The PhaseOne agreement also includes a commitment by China that it will make substantialadditional purchases of U.S. goods and services in the coming years.Importantly, the agreement establishes a strong dispute resolution system thatensures prompt and effective implementation and enforcement. The United Stateshas agreed to modify its Section 301 tariff actions in a significant way.Information on specific chapters of the Phase One agreement is provided below:在2020年1月15日,美国和中国签署了一项具有历史意义的和可执行的第一阶段贸易协定,该协定要求中国在知识产权、技术转让、农业、金融服务、货币和外汇等领域对经济和贸易体制进行结构性改革和其他变革。在第一阶段协议中,中国还承诺在未来几年内大量增加购买美国商品和服务。重要的是,该协定建立了强有力的争端解决机制,确保迅速和有效地实施和执行。美国已同意大幅修改其《301关税法案》。关于第一阶段协定的具体章节的资料如下:•Intellectual Property: The IntellectualProperty (IP) chapter addresses numerous longstanding concerns in the areas oftrade secrets, pharmaceutical-related intellectual property, geographicalindications, trademarks, and enforcement against pirated and counterfeit goods.知识产权:知识产权章节涉及商业秘密、与制药相关的知识产权、地理标志、商标以及对盗版和假冒商品的执法等众多长期关注的领域。•Technology Transfer: The TechnologyTransfer chapter sets out binding and enforceable obligations to addressseveral of the unfair technology transfer practices of China that wereidentified in USTR’s Section 301 investigation. For the first time in any tradeagreement, China has agreed to end its long-standing practice of forcing orpressuring foreign companies to transfer their technology to Chinese companiesas a condition for obtaining market access, administrative approvals, or receivingadvantages from the government. China also commits to provide transparency,fairness, and due process in administrative proceedings and to have technologytransfer and licensing take place on market terms. Separately, China furthercommits to refrain from directing or supporting outbound investments aimed atacquiring foreign technology pursuant to industrial plans that createdistortion.技术转让:技术转让章节规定了有约束力的和可执行的义务,以应对美国贸易代表办公室301调查中发现的与中国有关的一些不公平技术转让做法。在所有贸易协定中,中国首次同意结束长期以来强迫或施压外国公司向中国公司转让技术,以此作为获得市场准入、行政审批或获得政府优惠的条件的做法。中国还承诺在行政诉讼中提供透明、公平和正当的程序,并依据市场规则进行技术转让和许可。此外,中国还承诺不根据造成扭曲的产业计划,指导或支持旨在获取外国技术的对外投资。•Agriculture: The Agriculture chapteraddresses structural barriers to trade and will support a dramatic expansion ofU.S. food, agriculture and seafood product exports, increasing American farmand fishery income, generating more rural economic activity, and promoting jobgrowth. A multitude of non-tariff barriers to U.S. agriculture and seafoodproducts are addressed, including for meat, poultry, seafood, rice, dairy,infant formula, horticultural products, animal feed and feed additives, petfood, and products of agriculture biotechnology.农业:农业章节涉及结构性贸易壁垒,将支持美国食品、农业和海产品出口的大幅扩张,增加美国农场和渔业收入,创造更多农村经济活动,促进就业增长。针对美国农业和海鲜产品的众多非关税壁垒也得到解决,包括肉类、家禽、海鲜、大米、奶制品、婴儿配方奶粉、园艺产品、动物饲料和饲料添加剂、宠物食品以及农业生物技术产品。•Financial Services: The Financial Serviceschapter addresses a number of longstanding trade and investment barriers toU.S. providers of a wide range of financial services, including banking,insurance, securities, and credit rating services, among others. These barriersinclude foreign equity limitations and discriminatory regulatory requirements. Removalof these barriers should allow U.S. financial service providers to compete on amore level playing field and expand their services export offerings in theChinese market.金融服务:金融服务章节针对美国金融服务提供商长期存在的贸易和投资壁垒,包括银行、保险、证券和信用评级等服务,还包括外国股本限制和歧视性监管要求。消除这些障碍将使美国金融服务提供商能够在更公平的竞争环境中竞争,并扩大它们在中国市场的服务出口产品。•Currency: The chapter on MacroeconomicPolicies and Exchange Rate Matters includes policy and transparency commitmentsrelated to currency issues. The chapter addresses unfair currency practices byrequiring high-standard commitments to refrain from competitive devaluationsand targeting of exchange rates, while promoting transparency and providingmechanisms for accountability and enforcement. This approach will helpreinforce macroeconomic and exchange rate stability and help ensure that Chinacannot use currency practices to unfairly compete against U.S. exporters.汇率:关于宏观经济政策和汇率事项的章节包括与货币问题相关的政策和有关透明度的承诺。这一章讨论了关于货币的不公平做法,要求(中国)作出高标准的承诺,避免竞争性贬值和盯住(特定)特定汇率目标,同时提高政策透明度,提供问责和执行机制。这种做法将有助于加强宏观经济和汇率稳定,并有助于确保中国不会利用汇率手段与美国出口商进行不公平竞争。•Expanding Trade: The Expanding Tradechapter includes commitments from China to import various U.S. goods andservices over the next two years in a total amount that exceeds China’s annuallevel of imports for those goods and services in 2017 by no less than $200billion. China’s commitments cover a variety of U.S. manufactured goods, food,agricultural and seafood products, energy products, and services. China’sincreased imports of U.S. goods and services are expected to continue on thissame trajectory for several years after 2021 and should contributesignificantly to the rebalancing of the U.S.-China trade relationship.扩大贸易:扩大贸易一章包括:中国承诺在未来两年内进口美国各种商品和服务,总额在中国2017年对这些商品和服务的年度进口水平的基础上增加不低于2000亿美元。中国的承诺还包括购买美国制造的各种制造业产品、食品、农产品和海产品、能源产品和服务。中国对美国商品和服务进口的增加预计在2021年后的几年里继续保持这一趋势,这将对中美贸易关系的再平衡做出重大贡献。•Dispute Resolution: The Dispute Resolutionchapter sets forth an arrangement to ensure the effective implementation of theagreement and to allow the parties to resolve disputes in a fair andexpeditious manner. This arrangement creates regular bilateral consultations atboth the principal level and the working level. It also establishes strongprocedures for addressing disputes related to the agreement and allows eachparty to take proportionate responsive actions that it deems appropriate. TheUnited States will vigilantly monitor China’s progress in eliminating itsunfair trade practices and implementing these obligations.争端解决:争端解决章节提出了一项安排,以确保协议的有效执行,并允许各方以公平和高效的方式解决争端。这一安排在领导级别和执行层面都建立了定期的双边磋商机制。它还为处理与《协定》有关的争端建立了强有力的程序,并允许每一当事方采取它认为适当的行动。美国将密切关注中国在消除其不公平贸易做法和履行这些义务方面取得的进展。